Study of <i>in vitro</i> Skin Irritation Test Targeted for Sensitive Skin

Skin irritation and corrosion.

Comparison of human skin irritation patch test data with in vitro skin irritation assays and animal data.

BACKGROUND Efforts to replace the rabbit skin irritation test have been underway for many years, encouraged by the EU Cosmetics Directive and REACH. Recently various in vitro tests have been developed, evaluated and validated. OBJECTIVE A key difficulty in confirming the validity of in vitro methods is that animal data are scarce and of limited utility for prediction of human effects, which a...

Skin Corrosion and Irritation Test of Nanoparticles Using Reconstructed Three-Dimensional Human Skin Model, EpiDermTM

Effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on skin corrosion and irritation using three-dimensional human skin models were investigated based on the test guidelines of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG431 and TG439). EpiDermTM skin was incubated with NPs including those harboring iron (FeNPs), aluminum oxide (AlNPs), titanium oxide (TNPs), and silver (AgNPs) for a defined time...

Skin corrosion and irritation test of sunscreen nanoparticles using reconstructed 3D human skin model

OBJECTIVES Effects of nanoparticles including zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium oxide nanoparticles, and their mixtures on skin corrosion and irritation were investigated by using in vitro 3D human skin models (KeraSkin ((TM)) ) and the results were compared to those of an in vivo animal test. METHODS Skin models were incubated with nanoparticles for a definite time period and cell viability...

Skin irritation and sensitization: mechanisms and new approaches for risk assessment. 1. Skin irritation.

Cutaneous irritation presents a major health problem with serious social and occupational impact. The interaction between an irritant and the human skin depends on multiple factors: the intrinsic properties and the nature of the irritant itself, and specific individual- and environment-related variables. The main pathological mechanisms of irritancy include skin barrier disruption, induction of...